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first time in 60 years a Marxist regime is in danger of overthrow by internal democratic
forces. Angolan guerrillas, known as UNITA (National Union for the Total Liberation of
Angola) have taken over one-third of Angola, about 250,000 square miles, and control most
of the countryside, particularly in the south.
UNITA is an unusual organization. It is not American-backed. In fact, it is American
corporations and the U.S. State Department that have stopped a UNITA victory. UNITA is
unusual also in that it believes in free enterprise, free and secret elections, private property,
and decentralization of political power. UNITA is led by Jonas Savimbi, aged 51, a
ferocious-looking gentleman reminiscent of television's "Mr. T." Savimbi is a European
educated black intellectual who believes in individual freedom.
Against Savimbi and UNITA we find the Soviet Union, Cuban forces, the U.S. State
Department, American multinationals, and until recently, the U.S. Congress. Some years
ago the Senate passed the Clark Amendment, sponsored by Senator Clark, which in effect
prevented U.S. aid to this torch of freedom in southern Africa.
The muddled, confused thinking of the United States is well illustrated by a statement made
by former U.S. Ambassador to United Nations Donald McHenry, to the effect that the U.S.
should not be surprised that the Soviets are aiding Angolan Marxists: "That the Soviets are
present to assist the Angolans and to assist the Namibians... is no different from the
presence of the United States in El Salvador and U.S. assistance to E1 Salvador."
The point, of course, that McHenry avoids is that the Soviet objective, more than clearly
demonstrated in the past 60 years, is a totalitarian controlled society without individual
freedom.
The Soviets have indeed assisted Marxist Angola. As far back as 1981 Soviet military
officers up to the rank of Colonel were killed and captured in Angola. Soviet Air Force
personnel have been captured in Angola (see Now, January 16, 1981.)
The real oddity in Angola is that the single most important factor preventing a free open
society is an American multinational corporation. As succinctly stated by Congressman
William L. Dickinson (July 1985), "These Cuban troops are protecting American oil
interests and they are preventing UNITA from overrunning the MPLA."
In northeast Angola is the Cabinda oil complex owned by Gulf Oil Corporation (since
March 1984, part of Chevron Oil of California). CABINDA PROVIDES AT LEAST 80
PERCENT OF MARXIST ANGOLA'S FOREIGN EXCHANGE. The balance comes from
diamond concessions operated by Anglo-American Corporation. Soviet and Cuban
assistance is paid for from these foreign exchange earnings.
When we look closely at Chevron Gulf, we find that no less than a former U.S. Secretary of
Defense, David Packard, has been in a position to thwart Gulf backing for Soviet Angola 
yet did nothing.
Gulf Oil Corporation owns Cabinda, and Gulf itself was taken over by Chevron in March
1984. Thus, we have two sets of directors to look at, the original Gulf Oil directors who for
a decade allowed the Gulf Cabinda operation to finance Marxist Angola, and the Chevron
directors who had the opportunity to change corporate policy towards subsidy of Marxist
warfare.
The directors of the former Gulf Oil Corporation were:
Jerry McAfee Robert Dickey, III
H.H. Hammer Julian Goodman
R.H. Dean Sister Jane Scully
J.H. Higgins Edwin Singer
J.P. Gordon E.B. Walker, III
J.E. Lee J.M. Walton
E.I. Colodny
Of these the most vocal in support of Marxism was James E. Lee, former Chairman and
Chief Executive officer of Gulf and now a director of Chevron. Lee was strong in support of
Marxist Angola, even claiming to the wall Street Journal that the Neto regime was "stable"
and "easy to work with." (see cartoon opposite title page.)
In March 1984 Gulf was taken over by Chevron in the largest corporate merger in U.S.
history. A few Gulf directors joined the Chevron board and Chevron-Gulf continued to
operate Gulf Cabinda, protected by Cuban and Soviet troops, continued to provide most of
Angola's foreign exchange and with the Angolan government, planned new joint ventures to
expand corporate usefulness to the unelected Marxist government. That Chevron-Gulf
should be protected by Cuban troops with Soviet air cover and a Soviet air defense network
doesn't seem to embarrass these Chevron directors at all, even though some are directors
of major U.S. defense contractors:
Samuel H. Armacost (45), Pres., Dir. & Chief Exec. Off. of Bank of America
NT&SA.
Donald L. Bower (61), Vice-Chmn. of Bd. of Co.; Dir., Crocker National
Corp., Crocker National Bank.
R. Hal Dean (68), Dir., Ralston Purina Co., Gulf Corp., Mercantile Trust Co.,
Mercantile Bancorporation, General American Life Insurance Co., LaBarge,
Inc.
Kenneth T. Derr (48), Vice-Pres. of Co.; Pres. & Chief Exec. Off., Chevron
U.S.A., Inc.
Lawrence W. Funkhouser (63), Vice-Pres., Explor. and Prod., of Co.
John R. Grey (62), Pres. of Co.; Dir., Bank of American NT&SA and
BankAmerica Corp.
Kenneth E. Hill (69), consultant to Blyth Eastman Paine Webber, Inc.
Carla Anderson Hills (51), partner, law firm of Latham, Watkins & Hills;
Dir., International Business Machines Corp., The Signal Companies, Inc.,
Corning Glass Works.
George M. Keller (61), Chmn. of Bd. & Chief Exec. Off. of Co.; Dir., First
Interstate Bank of Calif., First Interstate Bancorp.
Charles W. Kitto (63), Vice-Pres., Logistics and Trading, of Go.
James E. Lee (63), Vice-Chmn, of Co.; Chmn., Pres. & Chief Exec. Off., Gulf
Corp. & Gulf Oil Corp., Dir., Joy Manufacturing Co., Pittsburgh National
Bank, PNC Financial Corp., Gulf Canada Ltd., the American Petroleum
Institute and West Penn Hospital.
W. Jones McQuinn (61), Vice-Pres., Foreign, of Co.
Charles M. Pigott (55), Pres., Dir. and Chief Exec. Off., PACCAR Inc.; Dir,.
The Boeing Co.
Charles B. Renfrew (56), Vice-Pres., Legal Affairs of Co.
George H. Weyerhaeuser (58), Pres. and Dir. Weyerhaeuser Co.; Dir., The
Boeing Co., SAFECO Corp.
John A. Young (52), Pres., Dir. & Chief Exec. Off., Hewlett-Packard Co., Dir.,
Wells Fargo Bank and SRI International.
At the same annual meeting that approved the Chevron takeover of Gulf and so lent
Chevron support to Marxist Angola, a Chevron director resigned. This was David Packard,
Chairman of Hewlett-Packard and a former Secretary of Defense. There is no record that
Packard protested either Gulf support of Marxism or objected that Chevron should not join
the band of American corporations who have aided world revolution. We doubt that
Packard resigned on grounds of principle, because Packard was an Overseer of the Hoover
Institution and Chairman of its Financial Committee back in the early 1970s when Hoover
Institution Director W. Glenn Campbell attempted to put pressure on this author to stop
publication of the earlier version of this book, National Suicide: Military Aid to the Soviet
Union.
Another interesting facet to this story of Soviet-multinational cooperation is in the amount [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

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